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RNA innate immunity constitutes a barrier for interspecies chimerism

BLOG > Publications & Citations > RNA innate immunity constitutes a barrier for interspecies chimerism

labeled GFP mRNA

Authors: Hu, Yingying et al.

Source: Cell 189, 1-11, 2026.

We're delighted to share insights from a recent study entitled "RNA innate immunity constitutes a barrier for interspecies chimerism" published in Cell by Yingying Hu et al.

They uncovered a crucial barrier to generating interspecies chimeras: the competitive elimination of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is driven by the RNA innate immune response in the host mouse cells. This immune activation, specifically involving the RLR signaling pathway, is triggered by contact-dependent horizontal RNA transfer from the hPSCs to the mouse cells. The study successfully demonstrated that deleting key immune genes like Mavs in the host mouse embryos markedly improves human cell survival and chimerism, establishing a powerful new approach for regenerative medicine.

Congratulations to all the authors on this excellent article!

Our Cy5-labeled GFP mRNA was used by the researchers to directly visualize this horizontal RNA transfer. High-resolution microscopy revealed that the labeled mRNA was localized within tunneling nanotube-like bridges connecting the human and mouse cells, confirming the mechanism underlying the immune activation.

Read the article Cy5-labeled GFP mRNA

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